Regan provides the most rigorous rights-based argument. He argues that all "subjects-of-a-life" (including adult mammals over one year of age) possess inherent value. Inherent value is not earned or graded; it simply exists. Because animals have inherent value, they have basic moral rights, especially the right to respectful treatment. Using them as mere tools—even painlessly—violates that right. Regan rejects welfare reforms that make confinement "more comfortable" while leaving the fundamental exploitation intact.
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Habitat destruction is a welfare issue on a global scale, as wild animals lose the environments they need to survive. Regan provides the most rigorous rights-based argument
: Ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering. Current Issues and Victories Because animals have inherent value, they have basic
The modern animal rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s, with the publication of Peter Singer's book "Animal Liberation" in 1975 being a significant milestone. Singer's work argued that animals have interests and rights that should be considered equal to those of humans, and that it is our moral obligation to protect and promote their welfare.