The formalization of animal ethics can be traced back to the 19th century with the founding of the RSPCA in the UK, but the modern movement gained significant momentum in the 1970s. Peter Singer’s seminal work, Animal Liberation , introduced the concept of "speciesism"—the prejudice or bias in favor of the interests of members of one's own species against those of members of other species. This shifted the conversation from mere kindness to a rigorous ethical debate about justice. Key Issues in the Modern Era
This guide outlines the core principles and practical steps for supporting animal welfare (the quality of life animals experience) and animal rights (the philosophical belief that animals should not be used by humans at all) SPCA New Zealand 1. Fundamental Frameworks Global standards for animal care are often defined by the Five Freedoms Five Welfare Needs , which provide a baseline for humane treatment: Certified Humane® Asia Freedom from Hunger and Thirst bestiality chat rooms