In his 2021 updates, Moustapha highlights the evolution of . The primary advantage of the axial design is its ability to handle massive volumetric flow rates. Because the flow area is essentially an annulus (a ring shape), engineers can increase the diameter or the blade height to swallow more fluid without drastically changing the machine's footprint.
For radial turbines, the at the rotor inlet is a major focus of optimization. For axial turbines, tip leakage remains the enemy of efficiency. axial and radial turbines by hany moustaphapdf 2021